เครื่องบรรจุยางและเครื่องห่อหุ้มยางสำหรับยางรถยนต์นั่งส่วนบุคคล (PCR): การกำหนดขนาดจากรหัสยาง

บทสรุปผู้บริหาร

Selecting the correct orbital tyre wrapping machine for passenger car radial (PCR) tyres depends on precise calculation of outer diameter (OD), inner bead diameter (ID), and cross-section width directly from the sidewall tyre code. Standard machines operate within defined mechanical windows: the เอฟพีที-200 covers tyre outer diameters of 510 – 800 มม, inner diameters of 300 – 700 มม, and widths up to 250 มม, matching the vast majority of passenger vehicles. Larger SUV, 4×4, and light truck tyres (such as 265/70R17) often cross boundary dimensions, requiring verification against the heavy-duty เอฟพีที-300 envelope (เส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางภายนอก 800–1,200 มม., จนถึง ความกว้าง 300 มม, รับน้ำหนักได้ 100 กก). This engineering guide outlines the dimensional formulas, kinematic cycle times, material tension controls, and mechanical clearance factors required to match your production batch with the correct packaging system.

How Does the Tyre Wrapping Process Work?

A vertical orbital tyre packing machine wraps stretch film or protective tape through the tyre center bore and around the toroidal cross-section (tread and both sidewalls). The operational kinematics follow a coordinated two-axis motion sequence:

  1. Tyre Infeed and Positioning: The operator or feeding arm positions the tyre vertically on two bottom polyurethane-coated drive rollers.
  2. ยานอวกาศวงแหวนโคจร: The rotating ring carries the film tension dispenser. As the ring rotates through the internal bead diameter, the drive rollers rotate the tyre around its horizontal center axis.
  3. Helical Overlap Application: Synchronized dual variable frequency drives (VFDs) control the rotational ratio between the ring and the support rollers, maintaining an exact overlap pitch across the tread circumference.
  4. ลดการสั่นไหว: An integrated pneumatic overhead press roller or bracket keeps lightweight or low-aspect-ratio tyres aligned on the drive rollers during rotation, eliminating vibration and axial skewing.
  5. รีเซ็ตวงจร: Upon completing the preset wrap layers, the ring automatically stops at its home position, allowing rapid unloading and immediate reloading for the next cycle.

How to Calculate OD and ID from the Tyre Code

Standard metric tyre designations (ISO metric sizing) define section width, aspect ratio, construction type, and wheel rim diameter. For example, in 205 / 55R16:

  • ความกว้างของส่วน (W): 205 mm (nominal cross-section width from sidewall to sidewall).
  • อัตราส่วนภาพ (AR): 55% (sidewall height expressed as a percentage of nominal width).
  • การก่อสร้าง: R (Radial construction).
  • Rim Diameter (RD): 16 inches (1 inch = 25.4 mm).

สูตรการคำนวณ:

  • Sidewall Height (SH): SH = W × (AR / 100)
  • เส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางภายนอก/O.D. (OD): OD = (RD × 25.4) + (2 × SH)
  • Internal Bead Diameter (ID): ID ≈ RD × 25.4 (approximate opening clearance at the bead seats).
รหัสยาง Nominal Width (W) Sidewall Height (SH) Calculated OD Bead ID (Approx.) Compatible Standard Machine
175 / 65R14 175 มม 113.8 มม 583 มม 356 มม เอฟพีที-200
205 / 55R16 205 มม 112.8 มม 632 มม 406 มม เอฟพีที-200
225 / 45R18 225 มม 101.3 มม 660 มม 457 มม เอฟพีที-200
265 / 70R17 265 มม 185.5 มม 803 มม 432 มม Boundary / Custom Engineering

ตัวอย่างการคำนวณ (205/55R16): OD = (16 × 25.4) + (2 × 205 × 0.55) = 406.4 + 225.5 = 631.9 mm (rounded to 632 mm). The bead inner diameter is 16 × 25.4 = 406.4 mm (ประมาณ. 406 mm), confirming that both dimensions sit within the processing window of the FPT-200.

Which Model Fits My Tyre Specifications?

Machine selection depends on confirming that the tyre outer diameter, inner bead opening, cross-section width, and unit weight fall inside the continuous operating envelope.

พารามิเตอร์ FPT-200 (Standard PCR Window) FPT-300 (SUV / Light Commercial Window)
เส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางภายนอกของยาง (OD) 510 – 800 มม 800 – 1,200 มม
เส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางภายในของยาง (ID) 300 – 700 มม 500 – 900 มม
Tyre Cross-Section Width 40 – 250 มม 80 – 300 มม
Maximum Tyre Weight 30 100
Rotating Ring Speed 0–120 รอบต่อนาที (ควบคุมด้วย VFD) 30–110 รอบต่อนาที (ควบคุมด้วย VFD)
ระยะเวลาในการห่อตาข่าย 18–30 seconds per tyre 25–40 seconds per tyre
กำลังขับสูงสุด 1.5 กิโลวัตต์ 2.0 กิโลวัตต์

Sizing and Stacking Considerations:

  • Single-Tyre Processing: The width boundary (250 mm on FPT-200; 300 mm on FPT-300) is engineered for single-tyre wrapping. Bundling two 205 mm tyres yields a total width of 410 mm, exceeding the throat opening of standard PCR orbital rings. Multi-tyre bundling requires dedicated long-stroke horizontal wrapping systems.
  • Structural Weight Ceilings: Reinforced run-flat tyres, heavy all-terrain (A/T) designs, and commercial light truck tyres can exceed 30 kg. Even if the OD measures under 800 mm, tyres over 30 kg should be routed to the FPT-300 to prevent premature wear on the support roller bearings and drive transmission.

What Happens if My Tyre Size Falls Between Models?

Certain large SUV and all-terrain tyres land directly on dimensional boundaries. A prime example is 265 / 70R17:

  • OD: 803 mm (slightly exceeds the 800 mm limit of FPT-200).
  • Bead ID: 432 mm (falls below the 500 mm standard minimum inner diameter of FPT-300).
  • ความกว้าง: 265 mm (exceeds the 250 mm maximum width limit of FPT-200).

Because this tyre meets neither standard envelope off the shelf, factory mechanical adjustments are required:

  1. Expanding the FPT-200 Frame: Modifying the roller center-to-center distance and extending the ring clearance arch to accept an 803–820 mm OD and 270 mm width while preserving the low 300 mm ID capability.
  2. Adapting the FPT-300 Shuttle Path: Customizing the film roll carriage assembly to allow inward reach into a 430 mm bead cavity on an otherwise large-diameter ring.

Submitting your complete SKU matrix prevents envelope mismatch before equipment manufacturing.

How Long Does Wrapping Take? Cycle Time Analysis

Packaging cycle time consists of net machine wrapping time plus material handling (loading and unloading). The table below compares cycle calculations on an FPT-200 running single-operator manual loading:

ขั้นตอนกระบวนการ Fast Tyre (e.g., 175/65R14, Light Wrap) Standard/Heavy Tyre (e.g., 225/45R18, Dense Overlap)
Net Ring Wrapping Time 18 s 30 s
Manual Load & Unload Allowance 15 s 15 s
Total Cycle Time per Tyre 33 s 45 s
Theoretical Continuous Output ประมาณ 109 ยางต่อชั่วโมง 80 ยาง/ชั่วโมง

หมายเหตุการปฏิบัติงาน: Actual shift throughput depends on operator pacing, film roll replacement intervals, and line integration. Integrating an inline pneumatic roll-in/roll-out ramp or automated gravity ejector reduces handling time from 15 seconds down to 5–8 seconds.

What Materials and Overlap Settings Are Used?

The wrapping carriage accommodates multiple industrial protective films depending on transit protection criteria:

  • วัสดุสิ้นเปลืองที่เข้ากันได้: Polyethylene (PE) film, LLDPE stretch film, circular woven PP knit belt, anti-rust VCI film, and composite kraft/crepe paper.
  • Overlap Regulation: ตั้งระหว่าง 10% และ 80% via inverter-controlled speed differentials between the ring motor and bottom roller motor.
  • การควบคุมความตึงเครียด: Maintained via a mechanical friction brake roller system with micro-adjustment springs to prevent bead distortion on soft PCR sidewalls while guaranteeing tight puncture-resistant containment.
  • Logo and Branding Striping: An auxiliary unpowered dispenser applies a narrow continuous printed logo band around the tyre OD simultaneously during the outer wrapping passes.

Utility and Safety Specifications

พารามิเตอร์ทางวิศวกรรม เอฟพีที-200 เอฟพีที-300
แหล่งจ่ายไฟมาตรฐาน AC 380 V, 50 Hz, 3-Phase (60 Hz / 220 V / 480 V optional) AC 380 V, 50 Hz, 3-Phase (60 Hz / 220 V / 480 V optional)
กำลังไฟฟ้าที่ติดตั้ง 1.5 กิโลวัตต์ 2.0 กิโลวัตต์
Pneumatic Air Requirement 0.4–0.6 MPa (used with top stabilizer / auto-clamp) 0.4–0.6 MPa (used with top stabilizer / auto-clamp)
Safety Standard References ISO 12100:2010, EN 415-10:2014 ISO 12100:2010, EN 415-10:2014

Mechanical guards, perimeter protective mesh, and emergency stop interlocks isolate the rotating ring area. Drive motors incorporate dynamic braking for rapid shutdown upon safety circuit interruption.

What Data Must You Provide for a Firm Configuration?

To confirm ring clearance, roller center spacing, and drive power, please provide:

  • Complete list of tyre size codes (smallest OD/ID up to largest OD/ID).
  • Maximum section width (inflated or uninflated bead state).
  • Tyre weight range (minimum and maximum in kg).
  • Wrapping material type (Stretch film, woven PE/PP tape, or paper).
  • Target production capacity (tyres per hour or tyres per shift).
  • Plant operating voltage, phase, and utility frequency (V / Hz / Phase).

คำถามที่พบบ่อยด้านวิศวกรรม

Q: Can one vertical tyre wrapper handle both small PCR and heavy truck (TBR) tyres? A: No. Truck and bus radial (TBR) tyres typically exceed 1,000–1,300 mm โอดี, 250–350 mm width, and weigh between 50 kg และ 90 kg. A standard PCR wrapper lacks the ring throat opening and structural roller load capacity for truck lines.

Q: How does aspect ratio affect machine wrapping? A: Low-aspect-ratio tyres (e.g., 35–45 series) have stiff, narrow sidewalls that require steady top press-roller pressure to avoid tracking drift. High-aspect-ratio tyres (e.g., 70–80 series) are more flexible and demand careful tension adjustment on the film brake to avoid pulling the bead inward.

Q: Can the machine run without an air compressor? A: If the wrapper relies strictly on manual tyre positioning without pneumatic top stabilization or auto-ejection kits, it can function purely on electrical power. If fitted with pneumatic stabilizing arms, an industrial supply of 0.4–0.6 MPa clean air is required.

Technical Consultation and Next Steps

To evaluate your tyre size distribution against our standard and custom wrapping rings:

  1. Submit Your Specification Sheet: Send your tyre code list, target shift volume, and line layout drawing to our engineering department at info@fhopepack.com.
  2. Dimensional Matrix Verification: Our packaging engineering team maps your min/max dimensions against our kinematic throat database within 24–48 hours.
  3. Application Proposal: Receive a certified dimensional validation sheet, machine outline drawing, and project quotation.

Related Documentation and Catalog Resources

มาตรฐานและเอกสารอ้างอิงทางเทคนิค

  • ISO 12100: 2010: ความปลอดภัยของเครื่องจักร — หลักการทั่วไปในการออกแบบ — การประเมินความเสี่ยงและการลดความเสี่ยง.
  • BS EN 415-10: 2014: ความปลอดภัยของเครื่องจักรบรรจุภัณฑ์ — ตอนที่ 10: ข้อกำหนดทั่วไป.
  • ISO-4000 1: Passenger car tyres and rims — Part 1: Tyres (metric series).
  • การตรวจสอบมิติ: FHOPE Orbital Packaging Machine Sizing & Tyre Dimension Calculation Archive.
  • Official Demonstration: FHOPE PCR Tyre Wrapping Equipment Video Library.

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